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Epilobium angustifolium

A tall rhizomatous perennial in the Onagraceae with pink-to-magenta flower spikes that rapidly colonizes disturbed sites across circumboreal regions, produces wind-dispersed seeds from long capsules, and goes dormant in winter.

Is Epilobium angustifolium growing in your garden? Record it and all of your plants in Known.

Common Names

Fireweed, Rosebay Willowherb, Great Willowherb, Willowherb, French Willowherb

Summary

Fireweed is a tall, rhizomatous perennial that forms dense colonies with erect, often reddish stems and narrowly lanceolate leaves; it bears long terminal spikes of four-petaled pink to magenta flowers and wind-dispersed seeds with silky hairs; a pioneer of disturbed sites and an important nectar source for many pollinators; native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere from Alaska to Mexico, common in boreal and montane landscapes.

Prefers full sun and disturbed, mineral-rich, well-drained soils; drought-tolerant once established; seeds are sown in fall or stratified; spreads via rhizomes and can be aggressive in gardens; landscape uses include wildflower meadows, fire-prone landscapes, restoration, and pollinator gardens.

Lifecycle

Perennial

Height

3–6 ft

Spread

1-8 feet

Hardiness Zones

Zone 3

Sunlight Requirements

Full sun to partial shade.

Soil Type

Well-drained, moisture-retentive loamy soil rich in organic matter.

Soil Drainage

Moist but well-drained.

Soil pH

Tolerates all pH levels

Bloom Color

Pink to magenta

Bloom Time

Summer

Foliage Color

Green

Fall Foliage Color

Gold foliage

Leaf Lifecycle

Deciduous

Growth Rate

Fast

Seasons of Interest

Summer and Fall

Propagation Methods

Seeds, Division

Attracts Wildlife

Attracts bees and butterflies

Taxonomy

Taxonomic Rank
Species
Author
L.
Publication
Sp. Pl. : 347 (1753)

Superior Taxa

Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
Pteridobiotina
Phylum
Angiosperms
Order
Myrtales
Family
Onagraceae
Genus
Epilobium

Inferior Taxa

Epilobium angustifolium subsp. circumvagum Epilobium angustifolium subsp. macrophyllum

Synonyms

Chamaenerion angustifolium var. abbreviatum Chamaenerion angustifolium var. album Chamaenerion angustifolium f. pubescens Chamaenerion angustifolium var. spectabile Chamaenerion denticulatum Chamaenerion spicatum Chamaenerion spicatum f. alba Chamerion angustifolium f. pleniflorum Epilobium angustifolium var. abbreviatum Epilobium angustifolium subsp. albiflorum Epilobium angustifolium f. albiflorum Epilobium angustifolium var. macrophyllum Epilobium angustifolium f. spectabile Epilobium antonianum Epilobium brachycarpum Epilobium elatum Epilobium gesneri Epilobium gracile Epilobium latifolium Epilobium leiostylon Epilobium macrocarpum Epilobium montanum Epilobium neriifolium Epilobium persicifolium Epilobium rubrum Epilobium salicifolium Epilobium spicatum Epilobium variabile Epilobium verticillatum Chamaenerion angustifolium Epilobium angustifolium subsp. angustifolium Epilobium salicifolium Epilobium angustifolium var. angustifolium Epilobium angustifolium f. angustifolium Chamaenerion angustifolium var. karsianum Pyrogennema angustifolium Chamaenerion angustifolium Chamaenerion angustifolium f. leiostylum Epilobium difforme Epilobium latifolium Epilobium spicatum f. albiflorum Chamaenerion angustifolium var. pubescens Chamerion angustifolium

References

Epilobium angustifolium Willow Herb PFAF Plant Dat…. pfaf.org.
Fireweed - Epilobium angustifolium | North Carolin…. plants.ces.ncsu.edu.
Epilobium angustifolium in Flora of Pakistan @ efl…. efloras.org.
Epilobium angustifolium L. | Plants of the World O…. plantsoftheworldonline.org.
Epilobium angustifolium (fireweed) - Plant Data Sh…. depts.washington.edu.
Epilobium angustifolium. earthone.io.
Weed Herbarium. extension.umass.edu.
Fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium, Chamerion angus…. friendsofeloisebutler.org.
Fireweed: How to Identify, Grow & Use This Native …. plantnative.org.
How to care for Fireweed - Complete Plant Care Gui…. plantsnap.com.
WSU Clark County Extension. pnwplants.wsu.edu.
Epilobium angustifolium subsp. angustifolium | Pla…. powo.science.kew.org.
Chamaenerion angustifolium. swbiodiversity.org.
Willowherb - Epilobium angustifolium. eflora.info.
Fireweed - Epilobium angustifolium - Prairie Nurse…. prairienursery.com.
Epilobium angustifolium | rosebay willowherb Herba…. rhs.org.uk.
Epilobium angustifolium L.. worldfloraonline.org.
World Flora Online. worldfloraonline.org. June 2024.