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Colocasia esculenta

A tropical, large-leaved, tuberous perennial with edible underground corms, widely cultivated as a staple food in tropical Asia and the Pacific and prized for dramatic foliage in warm, humid, consistently moist conditions, with leaves containing calcium oxalate crystals that require thorough cooking to neutralize.

Is Colocasia esculenta growing in your garden? Record it and all of your plants in Known.

Common Names

Taro, Elephant Ear, Cocoyam, Dasheen, Eddo, Kalo, Imo, Dalo, Yam, Talas

Summary

Taro is a tropical, tuberous, frost-tender perennial in the Araceae family, native to tropical Asia. It typically forms clumps 3–6 ft tall and wide, with large heart- to arrow-shaped leaves on long, stout stalks; leaves reach up to about 60 cm long. Flowers are rarely produced and are yellowish-white. The plant is grown primarily for dramatic tropical foliage and for edible underground tubers, with leaves also edible when cooked; raw parts contain calcium oxalate crystals.

It grows best in warm, humid conditions with rich, moist soil and regular moisture, tolerating wet or flooded soils near water features; light ranges from sun to part shade. Propagation is mainly by division of tubers or offsets; tubers may stay in ground year-round in USDA zones 8–11, while cooler climates require storing them frost-free. In landscapes, it provides ornamental focal points in water margins, large containers, and tropical borders, and is also used as a staple food crop where cooked; all edible parts must be cooked to remove toxins.

Lifecycle

Perennial, Annual

Height

3-6 feet

Spread

3-6 ft

Hardiness Zones

Zones 8-11

Sunlight Requirements

Ideally full sun to partial shade.

Soil Type

Moist, well-drained loam soil rich in organic matter, pH 5.5–6.5

Soil Drainage

Moist but well-drained soil

Soil pH

5.5-6.5 (ideal)

Bloom Color

White, yellow, and green

Bloom Time

Summer (rarely blooms)

Foliage Color

Green in various shades from lime/chartreuse to emerald and dark green; mature foliage can be blue-green or purple-black, and some varieties exhibit white or silvery variegation.

Fall Foliage Color

No fall foliage color; evergreen

Leaf Lifecycle

Deciduous

Growth Rate

Fast-growing

Seasons of Interest

Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter

Propagation Methods

Seeds; Cuttings; Division; Tubers; Offshoots; Corms; Rhizomes; Suckers

Attracts Wildlife

Attracts bees, butterflies, and flies (including drosophilid flies) as pollinators

Taxonomy

Taxonomic Rank
Species
Author
(L.) Schott
Publication
Melet. Bot. : 18 (1832)

Superior Taxa

Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
Pteridobiotina
Phylum
Angiosperms
Order
Alismatales
Family
Araceae
Genus
Colocasia

Synonyms

Leucocasia esculenta Aron colocasium Arum colocasia Arum colocasioides Arum esculentum Arum lividum Arum nymphaeifolium Arum peltatum Colocasia antiquorum f. eguimo Colocasia antiquorum f. oyasetage Colocasia antiquorum f. yamamotoi Caladium acre Caladium colocasia Caladium colocasioides Caladium glycyrrhizum Caladium nymphaeifolium Caladium violaceum Caladium violaceum Calla gaby Colocasia antiquorum var. patens Colocasia antiquorum var. rosea Colocasia esculenta f. ebiimo Colocasia antiquorum var. acris Colocasia antiquorum var. esculenta Colocasia antiquorum var. euchlora Colocasia antiquorum var. nymphaeifolia Colocasia esculenta var. acris Colocasia esculenta var. euchlora Colocasia esculenta var. globulifera Colocasia esculenta var. illustris Colocasia acris Colocasia aegyptiaca Colocasia antiquorum var. rupicola Colocasia antiquorum var. stolonifera Colocasia colocasia Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum Colocasia esculenta var. stolonifera Colocasia formosana Colocasia gracilis Colocasia konishii Colocasia tonoimo Colocasia neocaledonica Colocasia peltata Colocasia vera Colocasia violacea Colocasia vulgaris Alocasia dussii Alocasia illustris Colocasia antiquorum var. aquatilis Caladium atrovirens Caladium divaricatum Caladium parimaense Caladium violaceum var. alboviolaceum Colocasia antiquorum var. typica Colocasia esculenta var. typica Caladium antiquorum Arum chinense Colocasia antiquorum f. acuatica Colocasia antiquorum f. purpurea Colocasia antiquorum var. multifolia Caladium esculentum Colocasia esculenta f. rotundifolia Colocasia antiquorum var. illustris Colocasia esculenta var. nymphaeifolia Colocasia antiquorum var. globulifera Colocasia antiquorum Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis Colocasia esculenta var. rupicola Colocasia euchlora Colocasia himalensis Colocasia nymphaeifolia Caladium nigrescens Caladium esculentum unr. bataviensis

References

Colossia Plant Care: How to Grow Colocasia - Biolo…. biologyinsights.com.
Colocasia Esculenta Guide: How to Grow & Care for …. gardenbeast.com.
Elephant Ears (Colocasia, Alocasia, and Xanthosoma…. hort.extension.wisc.edu.
Ed Bowring On Growing The Statement Plant Colocasi…. horticulture.co.uk.
National Tropical Botanical Garden | Colocasia esc…. ntbg.org.
Colocasia Esculenta Care Guide - Tricks for a Heal…. plantophiles.com.
How to care for Taro - Complete Plant Care Guide |…. plantsnap.com.
Colocasia esculenta | taro Conservatory Greenhouse…. rhs.org.uk.
Growing Colocasia Esculenta (Elephant Ear Taro) - …. stonepostgardens.com.
Colocasia esculenta (Elephant Ears Plant, Taro Pla…. trilliumlivingllc.com.
Colocasia esculenta - Useful Tropical Plants. tropical.theferns.info.
Elephant Ear - - Texas Master Gardener Program. txmg.org.
Colocasia Care Guide: Everything You Need to Know …. whatflower.net.
Colocasia esculenta Ornamental Taro - Growing Guid…. bigplantnursery.co.uk.
Colocasia esculenta (taro) | CABI Compendium. cabidigitallibrary.org.
How to Plant, Grow and Care For Colocasia. epicgardening.com.
How to grow colocasia (taro or elephant ears). gardenersworld.com.
Colocasia (Elephant Ears, Taro). gardenia.net.
Colocasia esculenta - Plant Finder. missouribotanicalgarden.org.
Colocasia esculenta - Singapore - National Parks B…. nparks.gov.sg.
Colocasia esculenta | taro Conservatory Greenhouse…. rhs.org.uk.
Indoor Colocasia Care - houseplants. ukhouseplants.com.
World Flora Online. worldfloraonline.org. June 2024.