Ilex verticillata

Common Names

Winterberry, Common Winterberry, Michigan Holly, Black Alder, Holly

Summary

Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) is a native deciduous shrub typically 6–12 feet tall and wide, with dark green leaves and inconspicuous greenish-white flowers in spring; female plants produce bright red berries that persist through fall and winter when pollinated by a nearby male, as the plant is dioecious. It tolerates full sun to partial shade and moist, acidic soils, including wet sites, and is hardy in USDA zones 3–9, offering winter color and wildlife food as berries are eaten by birds.

For fruit set, male and female plants must be nearby, with one male pollinating several females within about 40–50 feet. Common landscape uses include mass plantings, borders, hedges, and rain or wildlife gardens. Propagation occurs by seed or cuttings; pruning is done in early spring; berries are ornamental and not edible for humans, and pests or diseases are generally minor.

Lifecycle

Perennial

Height

6-10 feet

Spread

6-12 feet

Hardiness Zones

Zones 3-9

Sunlight Requirements

Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial Shade, Full Shade

Soil Type

Moist, acidic, well-drained soil (pH about 4.5–6.5)

Soil Drainage

Moist, well-drained soil

Soil pH

4.5-6.5, acidic

Bloom Color

White

Bloom Time

Spring to Summer

Foliage Color

Dark green foliage, turning yellow in autumn.

Fall Foliage Color

Yellow

Leaf Lifecycle

Deciduous

Growth Rate

Slow-growing

Seasons of Interest

Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter

Propagation Methods

Seeds, Cuttings, Division

Attracts Wildlife

Attracts bees, butterflies, and birds.